-: Conceptual
Understanding Of Tridoshas Through Modern Physiology:-
Author : Dr. Chethan Jagalur. BAMS.
MD(Ayu) MSS&C,(Pshy) BPH (Pranic)
Secretary of Shree Ujwala
Ayurdhama®
Shree Ujawala Ayurvedic Hospital.
Shree Ujawala Ayurveda
Pharmaceuticals.
Post office Road, Jagalur-577 528
Davangere (Dist), Karanataka.
Phone No. 09844606423.
On-line Consultation Timing:- 9Am to 7Pm (Phone calls or Whatsup)
Contact:- 9844606423
Dr. Chethan Jagalur Consultation:- ISHAYU (Shree Ujwala Ayurvedic Hospital) BANGALORE Malleswaram every THURSDAY.
DGM Ayurveda Hospital GADAG Every SATURDAY. From 9AM to 3PM
Ganesh Nursing Home KAKAPURA Every 2nd Thursday
rest of the days in Jagalur Branch
Key words: - Vata,
Pitta, Kapha, Modern Physiology, Cytology, Biochemistry.
Objective:-
·
To understand the mode of action/function of Triodshas
(Tridosha karma) through Human Physiology.
·
To understand the mode of Action/function Of
Triodshas through the cytology (Cell function/physiology).
Introduction:-
The way of understanding of Tridoshas concept
in Ayurveda through modern physiological perspective is at most important for
beginners as well as all Ayurvedic scholars.
Dosha Dhatu Mala Mulam Hi Shareeram // Shareera
is made up of Tridoshas, Saptadhatus, Trimalas this indicates the Anatomical
& Physiological components of the body. The normal functioning of these
components are considered as physiology of the body.
Tridoshas
are Vata, Pitta, Kapha which perform their own function & maintain the
normalcy of body like moon, sun & wind which are maintaining the balance of
the world through energy generation, energy utilization & energy
distribution.
Vata
plays a major role, as it can move on its own & also causes the movement of
kapha & pitta. Pitta helps in metabolism including Digestion, kapha helps
in the maintenance & integrity of body tissues. The existence of the doshas
can be understood at both the macro molecular & micro molecular levels in
the body. Doshas are present in every cell of the body & attain to their
different functions.
Mode of action/function
of vata dosha through physiology of organ system
·
Tamuchvasa
nishwasa utsaha praspndana indriya patava vega pravarthanadibhih vayaur
anugruhati// (A.S.SU.19/3)
·
Tama
chalaha utsaha uchvasa nishwasa chesta vega praspndanaihi/
Samyagatya cha dhatunamakshanam patavena cha
//
Anugrunyad vikrutha….. / (A.H.SU.11/1-2)
Chala:
– All the voluntary & involuntary movements
of the body is due to chala guna. Voluntary
motions are completely under the control of an organism like walking, jumping
etc. Involuntary motions are completed without any conscious recognition &
effort of organism like heart beat & reflex actions etc. in psychologically a part of body in relation to emotion,
thought or sense. Sometimes these movements can provide us with valuable
information as to what an individual is thinking or feeling & sometimes
these movements can be nothing more than an involuntary spasm, a physical
reaction to stress or emotional strain.
Uchwasa:
- The act of breathing air out, during uhvasa
the diaphragm relaxes & moves upward, causing compression of the lungs
& an outward flow of air.
Niswasa:
- The act of taking breath in, Niswasa results
from the negative pressure in the lungs caused by contraction of the diaphragm,
which causes it to move downwards & to expand the chest cavity. The
resulting flow of air into the lungs restores a pressure equal to that of the
atmosphere.
Utsaha: – utsaha uses were confined to a belief in
religious inspiration or to intense religious fervour or emotion. Building up rhythm & loudness of speech from
slow & soft to fast & loud tends to catch listeners up, their own
heartbeats increasing in rapidity along with the speech rhythm to produce a
feeling of excitement.
Praspandana: – praspandana is a process in which
specialized sensory receptor cells transduce peripheral stimuli either physical
or chemical into nerve impulses which are then transmitted to the various
sensory centres in the central nervous system & also the physiology of
praspandana includes the arterial & venial pulsation a
Pressure waves generated by the heart in systole moves the arterial
walls. Forward movement of blood occurs when the boundaries are
pliable and compliant. These properties form enough to create a palpable
pressure wave.
Indriya Patava: – Indriya Patava is the main function of cranial
nerves. (indriyanam udyojakaha- motor function) There are 12 pairs of cranial
nerves. Some cranial nerves are sensory nerves, some are motor & some are
mixed nerves i.e combination of sensory & motor nerves. Function of
individual cranial nerve includes:-
I cranial nerve (Olfactory) concern to the
functions of nose i.e smell sensation.
II
cranial nerve is Optic nerve concern to the functions of vision.
III
cranial nerve (Oculomotor) eyeball & eyelid movement also maintain lens
shape.
IV
cranial nerve is Trochlear - eyeball movement its function is proprioception.
V
cranial nerve is Trigeminal it a branch of ophthalmic nerve its function is to
sensations of touch & pain from facial skin, nose, mouth, teeth, tongue, proprioception
motor control of chewing.
V
cranial nerve is Trigeminal nerve is a branch of maxillary nerve mainly concern
to sensations of touch & pain from facial skin, nose, mouth, teeth, &
tongue, proprioception motor control of chewing.
VI
cranial nerve is Abducens concern to the eyeball movement its function is
proprioception.
VII
cranial nerve is Facial nerve concern to the movement of facial muscles its
function is tear & saliva secretion, sense of taste & proprioception.
VIII
cranial nerve is Vestibulo-cochlear is a branch of cochlear function of hearing
& sense of equilibrium.
IX
cranial nerve is Glosso-phayrngeal nerve its function is sensations of taste,
touch, pain from tongue & pharynx, chemoreceptors that monitor O2 &
CO2, blood pressure receptors, movement of tongue & swallowing,
secretion of saliva.
X
cranial nerve is Vagus, it is a function of parasympathetic sensation &
motor control of smooth muscles associated with heart, lungs, viscera,
secretion of digestive enzymes.
XI
cranial nerve is Accessory nerve concern to the head movement, swallowing,
proprioception.
XII
cranial nerve is Hypoglossal nerve it’s a function of tongue movement, speech,
swallowing & proprioception.
Vega Pravrthana – The contractions occur in wave patterns
traveling down short lengths of the GI tract from one section to the next. The
contractions occur directly behind the bolus of food that is in the system,
forcing it toward the anus into the next relaxed section of smooth muscle. This
relaxed section then contracts, generating smooth forward movement of the bolus
at between 2–2.5 cm per second. This contraction pattern depends upon
hormones, paracrine signals, and the autonomic nervous system for
proper regulation.
Mode of action/function
of pitta dosha through physiology of organ system/
Physiology of Pitta
·
Paktoshmabhilasha
kshud pipasa prabha prasada, darshana medha shourya mardvadibhihi pittam// ( A.S.Su.19/3 )
·
……………Pittam
paktoshma darshanaihi/
Kshud trut ruchi prabha medha dhi shourya
tanu mardavaihi/ (A.H.Su.11/2-3)
Pakti:-
Digestion is a process of enzymatic
hydrolysis in which covalent bonds of the food are broken down to form
monomeric units. The component of the normal diet includes carbohydrates,
lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals and water. Out of these constituents
water, vitamins, minerals, free monosaccharaides & free amino acids can be
absorbed interest of body absent such. However, complex carbohydrates, lipids
and proteins are high molecular weight substances. These substances cannot be
absorbed till these are structurally simplified into absorbable molecular
forms. This chemical conversion of these molecules into their simpler forms is
called digestion. In mammals digestion is extracellular absent it occurs in the
lumen of various parts of the alimentary canal.
Oshma:- Core body temperature is one of the most
tightly regulated parameters of human physiology. The temperature of the body is regulated by neural
feedback mechanisms which operate primarily through the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus
contains not only the control mechanisms, but also the key temperature sensors.
Under control of these mechanisms, sweating begins almost precisely at a skin
temperature of 37°C & increases rapidly as the skin temperature rises above
this value. The heat production of the body under these conditions remains
almost constant as the skin temperature rises. If the skin temperature drops
below 37°C a variety of responses are initiated to conserve the heat in the
body & to increase heat production.
Abhilasha:- Human desire is the fundamental motivation of all human
action. Desires arise from bodily structures, such as stomach which
needs food, blood needs oxygen & so on, on the other hand, emotions arise
from a person's mental state. Humans experience desire & fear as
psychological opposites, they share the same brain circuit "The Neural
Correlates of Desire" showed that the human brain categorizes any stimulus
according to its desirability by activating three different brain areas: the
superior orbito-frontal, mid-cingulate, & anterior cingulate cortices. Dopamine is the brain's
"pleasure chemical". Orbitofrontal cortex has connections to opioid
& dopamine systems than stimulating this cortex is associated with
subjective reports of pleasure.
Kshuda:- When blood glucose is low stomach, intestines &
the liver sends signals to the brain which will then motivate you to eat. The
hunger controls were within the hypothalamus. There are two centres in the
hypothalamus that helps to control eating. The lateral hypothalamus brings
hunger; if the area is destroyed, even a starving person will not eat. The
ventromedial hypothalamus depresses hunger; it is the opposite of the previous
part of the hypothalamus mentioned.
Trushna/Pipasa:- Pipasa
is important for maintaining body fluid homeostasis & may arise from
deficits in either intracellular or extracellular fluid volume. Neural signals
arising from osmotic & hormonal influences on the lamina terminals may be
integrated within the brain with afferent information relayed from intra-thoracic
baroreceptors via the hindbrain to generate thirst.
Prabha:- A person's complexion is a biological trait.
The protein molecule known as melanin causes variation in tone. Melanocytes
insert granules of melanin called melanosomes
into the other skin cells of the human epidermis. The melanosomes in each
recipient cell accumulate a top the cellular nucleus, where they protect the
nuclear DNA from mutations caused by the sun's ionizing radiation. The human
body tends to protect itself against harmful surroundings. The epidermis of the
body, very sensitive & delicate, reacts almost immediately to most outside
effects. People whose ancestors lived for long periods in the regions of the
globe near the Equator generally have more active melanocytes & therefore
larger quantities of melanin in their skins. This makes their skins very dark
& protects them against high levels of exposure to the sun. In areas of the
globe closer to the poles, people have far less need for protection from
ionizing radiation, so their skin is usually lighter.
Darshana:- Rays of light go through the cornea very
quickly. Being broken at the bulge of the crystalline lens of the eye they get
through the vitreous body & reach macula at retina of the eye ground. The
light-sensitive receptors turn the impulses of rays of light focused here into
biochemical information that get to the visual area of the brain through the
retina. Information is co-ordinated & becomes a clear picture.
Medha:- Neuroscience is contributing to an
understanding of the biological bases of human intelligence differences. This
includes two empirical fronts: genetics quantitative & molecular and brain
imaging. Quantitative genetic studies have established that there are additive
genetic contributions to different aspects of cognitive ability especially
general intelligence and how they change through the lifespan. Molecular
genetic studies have yet to identify reliably reproducible contributions from
individual genes.
Structural and functional brain-imaging
studies have identified differences in brain pathways, especially
parieto-frontal pathways that contribute to intelligence differences. There is
also evidence that brain efficiency correlates positively with intelligence.
Shourya:- shourya is
the ability to confront fear, pain, danger, uncertainty or intimidation "Physical courage" is courage in the face of physical
pain, hardship, death or threat of death, while "moral courage" is
the ability to act rightly in the face of popular opposition, shame, scandal or discouragement. “Adrenalin” is the main
chemical which responsible for shourya.
Tanu mardhava:- In elasto hydrodynamic
lubrication, sliding of soft uneven surfaces generates hydrodynamic pressure
which smoothness, roughness & redistributes fluid from thick to thin fluid
regions, promoting a more uniform fluid layer Computational work based on fluid
dynamic models shows that the pressure distribution depends on the roughness
wavelength & the elastic properties of the surface. Microscopic studies of
quick-frozen chests reveal pleural surface asperities with widths ranging from
tens to hundreds of microns. The degree to which these asperities are smoothed
by hydrodynamic forces & thus the likelihood that elasto hydrodynamic
lubrication characterizes pleural tribology depends critically on the value of
the elastic moduli of the pleural surfaces. Analytic & parametric studies
show that tissue softness enhances the lifting force during sliding, thus
increasing the minimum fluid thickness. Importantly, maintaining a uniform
liquid thickness requires pleural deformation at length scales comparable to
the fluid layer itself.
Mode of action/function
of kapha dosha through physiology of organ system / Physiology
of Kapha
·
Sleshma
stiratva snighdatwa sandhibanda ksamadi bhihi/ (A.Hru 11/3)
·
Stairya sneha sandhi banda vrushata kshama
dhi druthi bala aloulyadibhi: sleshma// (A.S 13/5)
Stiratwa: - Homeostasis
is the regulation of the body to a balance by single point tuning such as blood
oxygen level, blood glucose or blood pH. For example, if a person walking in
the desert is hot, the body will sweat they will quickly become dehydrated. All
stasis is adaptation but in regard to a more dynamic balance. In dehydration,
sweat occurs as only a small part of the process with many other systems also adapting
their functioning both to reduce water use & to support the variety of
other systems that are changing to aid this. In this case, kidneys may reduce
urine output, mucous membrane in the mouth, nose & eyes may dry out; urine &
sweat output will decrease; the release of arginine vasopressin (AVP) will increase; veins
and arteries will constrict to maintain blood pressure with a smaller blood
volume.
Snighdatwa: - snighdatwa is a
mechanism of physiological lubrication is proposed to explain how low-viscosity
synovial fluid prevents articular surfaces from contacting & wearing. The
new mechanism is based on the hypothesis that the hyaluronic acid chains in
synovial fluid bind to the cartilage surfaces through electrostatic charges,
with the phospholipid layer on an articular surface supplying the necessary
attractive charges. The stationary hyaluronic acid network causes a large
hydrodynamic resistance to outward flow from the gap. To determine the
effectiveness of the network in preventing contact, squeeze-film flow between
two incompressible, permeable disks is analysed when a constant load is
suddenly applied & the solvent-synovial fluid minus the hyaluronic acid-escapes
through the network & through the permeable disks. The analysis yields the
approximate time for the gap distance to decrease to asperity size. For
realistic physiological parameters, the time for the surfaces to contact is a
minimum of several minutes & likely much longer. The role of albumin in the
synovial fluid is included because the large protein molecules are trapped by
the small openings in the hyaluronic acid network, which increases the flow
resistance of the network & thereby delays contact of the surfaces.
Sandhi Banda: - joint integrity Joints serve as links
between structures; in this case, bones in the human body. There are numerous
joints in the body that act to stabilize & control bony segments. One
example is the knee joint, which joins the femur & tibia. This joint allows
the lower leg to swing freely but also to be stable during the stance phase of
gait. Some joints provide the body with stability, while others provide it with
mobility. However most joints provide both stability & mobility.
Kshamatha/Bala: - The immune system is a complex system that
is responsible for protecting us against infections & foreign substances.
There are three lines of defines: the first is to keep invaders out (through
skin, mucus membranes etc). Second line of defence consists of non-specific
ways to defend against pathogens that have broken through the first line of defence
such as with inflammatory response & fever. Third line of defence is
mounted against specific pathogens that are causing disease (B cells produce antibodies
against bacteria or viruses in the extracellular fluid, while T cells kill
cells that have become infected). The immune system is closely tied to the
lymphatic system with B & T lymphocytes being found primarily within lymph
nodes.
Vrushatwa: - In proportion as the human being makes
temporary gratification of mere sexual appetite his chief object &
overlooks happiness arising from spiritual communion, which is not only purer
but more permanent & of which a renewal may be anticipated in another world
- does he degrade himself to a level with brutes that perish.
Dhi: - Functional neuroimaging permits exploration
of neural correlates of complex psychological attributes such as those proposed
to comprise wisdom. The prefrontal cortex figures prominently in several wisdom
subcomponents ex:- emotional regulation, decision making, value relativism,
primarily via top-down regulation of limbic and striatal regions. The lateral
prefrontal cortex facilitates calculated, reason-based decision making, whereas
the medial prefrontal cortex is implicated in emotional valence & prosocial
attitudes/behaviours. Reward neuro circuitry (ventral striatum, nucleus acumens)
also appears important for promoting prosocial attitudes/behaviour. Mono
aminergic activity especially dopaminergic & serotonergic, influenced by
several genetic polymorphisms, is critical to certain subcomponents of wisdom
such as emotional regulation including impulse control, decision making &
prosocial behaviour.
Dhruthi:- Timing is crucial to many aspects of human
performance. To better understand its neural underpinnings, we used
event-related MRI to examine the time course of activation associated with
different components of a time perception task. We distinguished systems
associated with encoding time intervals from those related to comparing
intervals & implementing a response. Activation in the basal ganglia
occurred early & was uniquely associated with encoding time intervals,
whereas cerebellar activation unfolded late, suggesting an involvement in
processes other than explicit timing. Early cortical activation associated with
encoding of time intervals was observed in the right inferior parietal cortex
& bilateral premotor cortex, implicating these systems in attention &
temporary maintenance of intervals. Late activation in the right dorsolateral
prefrontal cortex emerged during comparison of time intervals. Our results
illustrate a dynamic network of cortical-subcortical activation associated with
different components of temporal information processing.
Aloulya: - involved in many of our emotions and
motivations, particularly those that are related to survival. Such emotions
include fear, anger, and emotions related to sexual behavior. aloulya is also
involved in feelings of pleasure that are related to our survival, such as
those experienced from eating and sex.
Physiology of Tridoshas through
the Cell physiology/Cytology
It
is pertinent to look at the case of the single cell for this gives an
indication of which sectors of cellular metabolism are governed by the
different doshas.
Vata, governing input/out-put, would clearly be responsible for active
transport across cell membranes and in particular,
for homeostasis, including such things as sodium/potassium balance, scavenging
of particular ions and molecules, entry of food, other molecules into
cell & elimination of the waste materials, in as much as regulated active
transport is required for the processes concerned. Governing motion, it would
also be responsible for mitosis & meiosis.
Pitta,
being responsible for metabolism must govern the Krebs cycle because this is
the principal way food molecules are used to create energy rich adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and other high-energy
molecules used for the synthesis of molecules needed in cell growth. Taken
together with transformation, this suggests that all the processes involved in
ribosome mediated enzyme synthesis are also the domain of pitta. Energy production and its regulation are of central importance. Life continuously produces entropy
as its strategy of bypassing the second law
of thermodynamics. It creates and maintains order or negative entropy,
only as a by product of its greater, overall entropy production. This is a first indication that the
detailed thermodynamics of the availability of energy and other
important resources must be of critical
importance in optimizing the functioning of any organism and in coping with
unusual or unwanted demands made by the environment. The thermodynamics
of such non ideal processes should therefore be an appropriate way to chart the
organism’s coping strategies, as outlined in the next section.
Kapha
being responsible for storage becomes identified in the simplest single cells with the cell membrane and the cell wall, basic reserves
for such a cell to cell on in hard times and the only sizeable structures in a
prokaryotic cell. On a molecular level,
Kapha thus becomes identified with lipids & polysaccharides, the
molecular basis for membranes and cell walls, respectively.
In the human body Vata and kapha are
dynamically speaking, found to be in opposite ion to each other.
Correspondingly, in the single cell, transport and storage functions both
manifest in the cell membrane and cell wall, but incompletely different ways,
so that they would naturally compete for ATP
available in that location. The opposition would appear to be long standing. The above identifications
of the three doshas are of interest
because their functions correspond simply and obviously to those of the doshas identified by Ayurveda in the human body.
Types of Vata Dosha their Physiological view
through Cytology
Apana vata is one of the main type vata dosha, which governs colon and aspects of kidney
function. The colon is well known to be responsible for nutrient uptake, water
absorption & as the organ that ends in the rectum & anus, the
elimination of waste matter. The kidney regulates water balance. All these
functions correspond to those of the cell membrane in single cells enumerated
above.
Prana vata governs
movement of the mind. It is ultimately responsible for gross mechanical motion
of the body. The transmission of nerve impulses in the central nervous system
(CNS) (primarily the domain of vata)
relies completely on cellular input/out-put processes: first, that governing
sodium/potassium balance in nerve axons and second neurotransmitter release and
reabsorption at synapses. Passing to eukaryotic single cells, the
correspondence continues. The motion of single cells undergoing chemotaxis is
governed by sensors on the membrane connecting to mechanisms regulating cell
shape also attached to the membrane. Hence it is not surprising to find vata identified
in the human body as the dosha
responsible for motion of many different kinds.
samana
for intestinal peristalsis, udhana
for eructation, etc., vyana for
horripilation (goose bumps) and shivering.
Types of Pitta Dosha Their Physiological View
through Cytology
Similarly,
for pitta, its identification as being responsible for energy production and
regulation in single cells has many expressions in the doshas on the level of
the body.
Pachaka, the chief pitta
sub dosha, is responsible for the production of digestive juices in the
stomach, while ranjaka governs bile
production and other aspects of liver metabolism (such as the stomach, a pitta organ). Alochaka governs the
eyes, which are an extension of the CNS.
Photo-sensitivity here is parallel to photo energetic processes in
single cells, clearly a pitta responsibility.
Sadhaka is more subtle and assigned
to the heart. Bhrajaka governs
transformations in the skin, e.g.,
pigmentation regulating light entering the body.
Types Of Kapha Dosha Their Physiological View
through Cytology
Kapha
in the human body is said to coordinate
structure, including cohesion and lubrication. Cohesion results from reactions
and interactions at the cell wall, the original domain of kapha. Mucous production is governed in the stomach
by Kledaka; in the lungs by
avalambaka; saliva by bhodaka; spinal fluid by Tarpaka; sinovial
fluid by shleshaka, which is
concerned with joints, connections and cohesion of all kinds. All these
can be traced to the functions of kapha
in single cells: The function of kapha
in single cells is storage, using, e.g., polysaccharide and lipids; similarly, mucus is polysaccharides, while other
lubrication may use lipids.
These correspondences suggest a continuity of
function of vata, pitta & kapha throughout the history of life on
earth; their simplicity demands a correspondingly simple explanation. It would
appear that the strategies, which maintain processes of control in single cells
& other living organisms, possess an underlying continuity throughout their
biologic development, starting from the microscopic level of regulation of
biochemical processes in single cells & proceeding to the macroscopic level
of control processes regulating whole organisms & their sub systems. This
means that during evolution, certain factors
are of a primary & unchanging nature where as others are secondary
& can be more subject to alteration.
Understanding of Tridoshas
through Biochemistry:-
On microscopic biochemical level the sequences
of amino acids in enzymes & the responding base sequences in the nucleic acids may vary. In contrast the choice of
molecules for the sub units of proteins
& nucleic acids once made, do not genes may change with the passing
of generations but the genetic code is an invariant of evolution.
In a similar way on the macroscopic level of a
whole organism the fundamental strategies of control by which behaviour is
regulated need to remain invariant. This seems to be true not only in terms of
the systems theory reasoning given at the outset, but also to extend to the
level of molecular structures each dosha uses to exert control throughout
biological history.
Active transport in cell membranes is the domain of vata,
material turn over related to energy production of pitta, polysaccharides and lipids of kapha. Their corresponding
functions in different subsystems at different stages of biologic development
continue to make use of these basic domains in the processes they regulate. It
is proposed, therefore that throughout history, the processes of biologic
development have maintained similar strategies of control to those used in the
original cells, adding to & building on them as appropriate, but
without fundamental alteration. This suggests the following understanding of doshas.
Throughout the historical development of living organisms,
there have existed three strategic domains of
functional control, which have retained their functional modalities and that
Ayurveda identifies as the three doshas,
vata, pitta and kapha. The three doshas may be considered as
fundamental to life as proteins, nucleic acids & the genetic code. It could
even be argued that are more fundamental for the systems theory argument
identifying them would remain valid for other conceivable system evolving on
other planets where enzymes, genes & the genetic code were constituted in a
chemically different way.
Conclusion:-
The way of understanding of Tridosha concept
in Ayurveda through modern Physiological perspective is more essentially needed
for beginners, Ayurvedic practitioners; it is also helpful in the research person/field
to get correct & prefect knowledge and to approach every non-Ayurveda
persons in the present era.
So,
everyone must try to understand the concept of Tridosha Karma in Modern physiological
perspective.
Dr. Chethan Kumar.A.T BAMS. MD(Ayu)., MSS&C(Pshy). BPH(Pranic)
Award winner of “VAIDYARATNAM P.S WARRIERS”Winner of “KSHITIJ 2012 Best Presenter”Winner - “Young Scientist” Award.
Adderess:-
Shree Ujwala Ayurdhama
Shree Ujwala Ayurveda Hospital, Panchakarma Centre
Shree Ujwala Pharmaceuticals,
JAGALUR-577528, Davanagere (Dist), Karnataka
Contact:- 9844606423
e-mail chethan03ayu@gmail.com
Dr. Chethan Jagalur Consultation:- ISHAYU (Shree Ujwala Ayurvedic Hospital) BANGALORE Malleswaram every THURSDAY.
DGM Ayurveda Hospital GADAG Every SATURDAY. From 9AM to 3PM
Ganesh Nursing Home KAKAPURA Every 2nd Thursday
rest of the days in Jagalur Branch
Contact:- 9844606423
